This seminar explores how many regional and global powers still guard the sectarian-based political system in Lebanon against revolutionary movements that have tried to reform or overhaul the status-quo. Focusing on the eruption of the massive social uprising on 17 October 2019, the seminar draws on a selection of new primary records and secondary accounts to examine how several foreign states acted as counter-revolutionary forces to maintain the status-quo after the beginning of the revolutionary situation. The state’s coercive institutions and counter-revolutionary action and rhetoric have so far enabled the regime to undercut calls for change and prevent significant sociopolitical reforms.
